Snow Loss into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime
Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event
Abstract
The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind
redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause
significant wintertime snow loss. However, there are no direct
measurements of snow loss into Arctic leads. We measured the snow lost
in four leads in the Central Arctic in winter 2020. We find, contrary to
the general consensus, that under typical winter conditions, minimal
snow was lost into leads. However, during a cyclone that delivered warm
air temperatures, high winds, and snowfall, 35.0 ± 1.1 cm snow water
equivalent (SWE) was lost into a lead (per unit lead area). This
corresponded to a removal of 0.7–1.1 cm SWE from the entire
surface—∼6–10% of this site’s annual snow precipitation. Warm air
temperatures, which increase the length of time that wintertime leads
remain unfrozen, may be an underappreciated factor in snow loss into
leads.