Data analysis
Data entry and analyses were conducted using SPSS v.26 (IBM, NY).
Nominal variables were presented as frequencies (n) and percentages
(%). The Chi2 test (or Fisher’s exact test, as
appropriate) were used for identifying differences between hospitals.
The continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations
(SDs). We used a t-test or Mann-Whitney test based on the distribution
of the data (normally distributed or not).
A binary logistic regression model was constructed to control any
potential confounders and to determine the significantly associated
factors with the mortality outcome. The odds ratio and 95% confidence
interval ([95% CI]) are presented. Statistical significance was set
at a P- value < 0.05 for all analyses.