4. Conclusions
The steady-state continuity, momentum, energy, and species conservation equations are solved in the fluid phase and the heat equation is solved in the solid phase using a finite volume approach. An adaptive meshing scheme is used for the discretization of the differential equations. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out over a wide range of material conductivities. Continuity in temperature and heat flux is applied at the fluid-solid interfaces. Neither heat-transfer nor mass-transfer correlations are employed. Parallel processing employing a message passing interface is used to speed up the most demanding calculations. The major conclusions are summarized as follows: