Chest redness in male and female geladas
Under natural conditions (i.e., not anesthetized), chest redness for males and females overlapped substantially, with males displaying only marginally redder chests than females (\(\beta\)=0.11, P =0.06). However, males had a wider range of chest redness within individuals compared to females (\(\beta\)=0.63, P =0.007, Fig. 1 ). While under anesthesia, male geladas did not have redder chests than females (\(\beta\)=0.04, P =0.40, Fig. 2).