New insights into the relationship between mass eruption rate and
volcanic column height based on the IVESPA dataset
Abstract
Relating the mass eruption rate (MER) of explosive eruptions to column
height in the atmosphere is key to reconstructing past eruptions and
forecasting volcanic hazards. Using 134 eruptive events from the
Independent Volcanic Eruption Source Parameter Archive (IVESPA v1.0), we
explore the canonical MER-height relationship for four measures of
column height: spreading level, sulfur dioxide height, and top height
from both directly observed plumes and those reconstructed from
deposits. These relationships show significant differences and should be
chosen carefully for operational and research applications. The roles of
atmospheric stratification, wind, and humidity remain challenging to
assess across the large range of eruptive conditions in this database,
ultimately resulting in empirical relationships outperforming analytical
models that account for atmospheric conditions. This finding reveals the
complexity of the height-MER relation that is difficult to constrain
based on available heterogeneous observations, which reinforces the need
for improved datasets to develop eruptive column models.