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Characterizing the Mesoscale Cellular Convection in Marine Cold Air Outbreaks with a Machine Learning Approach
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  • Christian Philipp Lackner,
  • Bart Geerts,
  • Timothy W Juliano,
  • Branko Kosovic,
  • Lulin Xue
Christian Philipp Lackner
University of Wyoming

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Bart Geerts
University of Wyoming
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Timothy W Juliano
National Center for Atmospheric Research
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Branko Kosovic
National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
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Lulin Xue
National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
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Abstract

During marine cold-air outbreaks (MCAOs), when cold polar air moves over warmer ocean, a well-recognized cloud pattern develops, with open or closed mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) at larger fetch over open water. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) provided a comprehensive set of ground-based in-situ and remote sensing observations of MCAOs at a coastal location in northern Norway. We determine MCAO periods that unambiguously exhibit open or closed MCC. Individual cells observed with a profiling Ka-band radar are identified using a water segmentation method. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), these cells are then objectively classified based on the variability in their vertical structure. The SOM-based classification shows that comparatively intense convection occurs only in open MCC. This convection undergoes an apparent lifecycle. Developing cells are associated with stronger updrafts, large spectral width, larger amounts of liquid water, lower precipitation rates, and lower cloud tops than mature and weakening cells. The weakening of these cells is associated with the development of precipitation-induced cold pools. The SOM classification also reveals less intense convection, with a similar lifecycle. Such convection, when weakening, becomes virtually indistinguishable from the more intense stratiform precipitation cores in closed MCC. Non-precipitating stratiform cores have weak vertical drafts and are almost exclusively found during closed MCC periods. Convection is observed only occasionally in the closed MCC environment.
15 Dec 2023Submitted to ESS Open Archive
27 Dec 2023Published in ESS Open Archive