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\begin{document}

\title{DIRECT TESTING OF FORSTERITE BICRYSTALS VIA in-situ MICROPILLAR
EXPERIMENTS AT 700 * C}



\author[1]{Diana Avadanii}%
\author[2]{Lars Hansen}%
\author[3]{Ed Darnbrough}%
\author[4]{Katharina Marquardt}%
\author[3]{David Armstrong}%
\author[3]{Angus Wilkinson}%
\affil[1]{Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford}%
\affil[2]{Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota}%
\affil[3]{Department of Materials, University of Oxford}%
\affil[4]{Department of Materials, Imperial College London}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The mechanics of olivine deformation play a key role in long-term
planetary processes, including~ the response of the lithosphere to
tectonic loading or the response of the solid Earth to tidal forces,~
and in short-term processes, such as post-seismic creep within the upper
mantle. Previous studies~ have emphasized the importance of grain-size
effects in the deformation of olivine. Most of our~ understanding of the
role of grain boundaries in the deformation of olivine is inferred from
comparison~ of experiments on single crystals to experiments on
polycrystalline samples, as there are no direct~ studies of the
mechanical properties of individual grain boundaries in olivine. In this
study, we use~ high-precision mechanical testing of synthetic forsterite
bicrystals with well characterized interfaces~ to directly observe and
quantify the mechanical properties of olivine grain boundaries. We
conduct~ in-situ micropillar compression tests at high-temperature (700*
C) on bicrystals containing low-angle (4* tilt about {[}100{]} on (014))
and high-angle (60* tilt about {[}100{]} on (011)) boundaries. During~
the in-situ tests, we observe differences in deformation style between
the pillars containing the~ grain boundary and the pillars in the
crystal interior. In the pillars containing the grain boundary,~ the
interface is oriented at ~ 45* to the loading direction to promote
shear. In-situ observations~ and analysis of the mechanical data
indicate that pillars containing the grain boundary consistently~
support elastic loading to higher stresses than the pillars without a
grain boundary. Moreover, the~ pillars without the grain boundary
sustain larger plastic strain. Post-deformation microstructural~
characterization confirms that under the conditions of these deformation
experiments, sliding did not occur along the grain boundary. These
observations support the hypothesis that grain boundaries are stronger
relative to the crystal interior at these conditions.~%
\end{abstract}%



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