Notes: All estimates are difference-in-differences estimates for
coefficient Îșt for period t=1 (after the intervention).
Standard errors are shown in parentheses. Statistical significance is
denoted as follows: *** p<0.01; ** p<0.05; *
p<0.1. The specification controls for time and household fixed
effects, and includes additional time-varying controls for the number of
refugees arriving in the sample area (a demand shock) and a
household-specific wealth index yield very similar results (for
alternative results omitting the controls and fixed effects, see
Appendix 3). The subsample comparisons are as follows: WNP â Water
Network Project treatment zones and matched control zones; WWNP â
Wastewater Network Project treatment zones and matched control zones;
Both â Water and Wastewater Network Project treatment zones and matched
control zones.
1 Measured on a four point scale (1 = excellent; 4 =
poor)
2 Water samples were only collected and analyzed in
Zarqa
3 The regressions for this outcome do not control for
the time-varying factors because we use the full utility database,
rather than restricting to the survey sample.
Table 4. Summary of main impacts on small enterprise behaviors
and outcomes