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Contributions of Vertically Migrating Metazoans to Sinking and Suspended Particulate Matter Fuel N2 production in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone
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  • Clara A Fuchsman,
  • Megan E Duffy,
  • Jacob Adrian Cram,
  • Paulina Huanca-Valenzuela,
  • Benjamin P. Gregory,
  • Louis Plough,
  • James J. Pierson,
  • Catherine L. Fitzgerald,
  • Allan H. Devol,
  • Richard G. Keil
Clara A Fuchsman
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Megan E Duffy
University of Washington
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Jacob Adrian Cram
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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Paulina Huanca-Valenzuela
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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Benjamin P. Gregory
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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Louis Plough
University of Maryland, College Park
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James J. Pierson
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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Catherine L. Fitzgerald
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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Allan H. Devol
University of Washington
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Richard G. Keil
University of Washington
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Abstract

Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs) are the largest pelagic sink of N containing nutrients in the ocean. The offshore Eastern Tropical North Pacific ODZ has been shown to be organic matter limited. We propose zooplankton/forage fish as a key source of organic matter for N2 production that has previously been ignored. We examined datasets from four cruises (April 2012, Jan 2017, April 2018, Oct 2019) at a station in the central ETNP. Backscattering data was used to determine zooplankton vertical migration depths (250-450 m, maximum at 270-280 m). Metazoan DNA concentrations, as measured by quantitative PCR, had a reproducible maximum at 270-280 m, confirming that these signals indicate the presence of zooplankton/forage fish. Additionally, a large maximum in sinking pteropod shells was found at 270 m, indicating that pteropods were part of the migrating community. While crustacean zooplankton have been shown to reduce respiration and excretion of ammonium under anoxia, we found intermittently measurable ammonium concentrations at 270 m. Here we show signatures consistent with organic matter of zooplankton/forage fish origin in the C:N and \(\delta\)13C of suspended and sinking organic matter at the vertical migration depth that suggest transportation to these depths by migrating zooplankton/forage fish. Also coincident with the migration maximum was a reproducible-between-years maximum in the biological N2 gas, and a tertiary nitrite maximum, which suggest that the migrating zooplankton are linked to N loss. Thus zooplankton/forage fish appear to be one source of organic matter which can fuel biological N2 production in ODZs.
26 Sep 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
27 Sep 2024Published in ESS Open Archive