Contributions of Vertically Migrating Metazoans to Sinking and Suspended
Particulate Matter Fuel N2 production in the Eastern Tropical North
Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone
Abstract
Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs) are the largest pelagic sink of N
containing nutrients in the ocean. The offshore Eastern Tropical North
Pacific ODZ has been shown to be organic matter limited. We propose
zooplankton/forage fish as a key source of organic matter for N2
production that has previously been ignored. We examined datasets from
four cruises (April 2012, Jan 2017, April 2018, Oct 2019) at a station
in the central ETNP. Backscattering data was used to determine
zooplankton vertical migration depths (250-450 m, maximum at 270-280 m).
Metazoan DNA concentrations, as measured by quantitative PCR, had a
reproducible maximum at 270-280 m, confirming that these signals
indicate the presence of zooplankton/forage fish. Additionally, a large
maximum in sinking pteropod shells was found at 270 m, indicating that
pteropods were part of the migrating community. While crustacean
zooplankton have been shown to reduce respiration and excretion of
ammonium under anoxia, we found intermittently measurable ammonium
concentrations at 270 m. Here we show signatures consistent with organic
matter of zooplankton/forage fish origin in the C:N and \(\delta\)13C of
suspended and sinking organic matter at the vertical migration depth
that suggest transportation to these depths by migrating
zooplankton/forage fish. Also coincident with the migration maximum was
a reproducible-between-years maximum in the biological N2 gas, and a
tertiary nitrite maximum, which suggest that the migrating zooplankton
are linked to N loss. Thus zooplankton/forage fish appear to be one
source of organic matter which can fuel biological N2 production in
ODZs.