Limitations in one-dimensional (an)elastic Earth models for explaining
GPS-observed M$_2$ Ocean Tide Loading displacements in New Zealand
Abstract
GPS observations of ocean tide loading displacements can help infer the
regional anelastic properties of the asthenosphere. We estimate M2 ocean
tide loading displacements at 170 GPS sites in New Zealand and compare
these to modeled values using a range of numerical tide and radially
symmetric (1D) elastic and anelastic Earth models. Regardless of the
model combination we are unable to reduce the strong spatial coherence
of the M2 residuals across the North Island where they reach 0.4 mm
(2%). The best fit in the North Island is obtained when combining the
FES2014b tide model with spatially-variable ocean density and water
compressibility, and the STW105 Earth model. The residuals exhibit a
change of ~0.3 mm in magnitude between the Taupo
Volcanic Zone and the east coast (~100 km), suggesting
that this region’s laterally-varying, shallow rheological structure may
need to be considered to explain these observations.