Concentration, transportation, and deposition of microplastics along the
Savannah River, Georgia (USA).
Abstract
Despite extensive research into the transport and fate of oceanic
microplastics (MP, <5mm in size), there is comparatively
little focus on river systems considered to be pathways for these
contaminants. The Savannah River, forming the border between Georgia and
South Carolina, provides a unique location to study MP pollution along a
variably industrialized river system terminating in the Atlantic Ocean.
We investigated spatial variations in MP concentrations along the
Savannah River to better understand their transport and deposition in
rural to highly developed fluvial systems. Samples of riverbank sediment
and suspended particles captured by a <80μm plankton net were
collected along a 115 km reach of the river extending from just below
the Strom Thurmond Dam to 25km downstream of Augusta, GA. Laboratory MP
separation followed NOAA guidelines with a heavy liquid float-sink
separation technique and wet peroxide oxidation treatment. Visually
identified MPs were counted and photographed using a stereomicroscope; a
subset of particles from each sample were examined using a Horiba XploRa
Plus confocal microscope system. Average MP concentrations were measured
at 3.1 (range: 1.5-4.6) particles/cubic meter in water and 16.8 (range:
6.2-27.4) particles/kg sediment and primarily composed of polyester
fibers and polypropylene pellets. Comparison of MP concentrations
between sediment samples from the upper bank and water margin suggests
that MP particle deposition is dependent on river stage. Preliminary
results further indicate that there is no observable relationship
between increasing drainage area and MP concentration, suggesting that
concentration may be dependent on localized anthropogenic sources rather
than cumulative upstream contributions. Measured concentrations of MP in
bank sediment in the upper reaches of the Savannah River are an order-of
magnitude less than published concentrations at the river’s mouth
collected over the same sampled cross-sectional area, suggesting tidal
action exerts a significant control on MP pollution in coastal and near
coastal areas. Future work will focus on quantifying the predicted role
of tidally dominated systems in concentrating microplastics around river
mouths and identifying river reaches with highly concentrated MP
particles for targeted remediation.