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\title{Numerically Modeling Infiltration and Root Water Uptake in a Montane Forest using High Frequency Stable Isotope Field Measurements}



\author[1]{Raymond J Hess}%
\author[2]{Matthias Sprenger}%
\author[3]{Ali Zahori}%
\author[1]{Nathaniel Bogie}%
\affil[1]{Department of Geology, San José State University}%
\affil[2]{Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth \& Environmental Sciences Area}%
\affil[3]{Department of Environmental Studies, San José State University}%


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  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
\texttt{}In the coming years, climate models forecast mountainous
watersheds to undergo a reduction in snowpack, early season melt, and
increases in evapotranspiration. As a result, dry soil conditions will
stress vegetation at elevations of 1,850 to 2,900 meters above sea
level. In this study we investigate infiltration patterns and root water
uptake in response to drying within the East River catchment in
Colorado. Our group collected soil cores, measured matric potential and
sap flow, and monitored tree xylem and soil for stable isotopes of water
(\textsuperscript{2}H, \textsuperscript{18}O) along two profiles to 90
cm depth---with three Engelmann spruce and three aspen trees
instrumented, respectively. Field isotope dynamics were analyzed on a
daily basis between mid-July and late October using an in situ cavity
ring-down spectrometer. The numerical model HYDRUS-1D was trained and
calibrated with pressure head and isotope data, simulating the response
to late summer dry spells and monsoonal rainfall for a 128 day period.
Lab measured and model derived rates of saturated hydraulic conductivity
are consistent for both soil profiles, with a median rate of 1,410 cm
d\textsuperscript{-1}. Model simulations reflect the three distinct dry
down events from late July to September, each followed by rapid
infiltration of rainfall (42, 47, and 68 mm of cumulative precipitation
per event). Compared to aspen trees, shallow soil under Engelmann spruce
repeatedly dries out beyond the permanent wilting point of -1.5 MPa,
likely due to higher rates of canopy interception for spruce.

This study highlights the benefits of coupling tracer data and commonly
used hydrometric data to better constrain parameters used in numerical
modeling. That said, these efforts aim to help predict and better
understand quantification of certain plant water responses during
ecosystem changes and future climate conditions.%
\end{abstract}%



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