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Exploring site-specific carbon dioxide removal options with storage or sequestration in the marine environment - The 10 Mt CO2 yr-1 removal challenge for Germany
  • +59
  • Wanxuan Yao,
  • Teresa Morganti,
  • Jiajun Wu,
  • Malgorzata Borchers,
  • Anna-Adriana Anschütz,
  • Lena-Katharina Bednarz,
  • Amrita Bhaumik,
  • Miranda Boettcher,
  • Kremena Burkhard,
  • Tony Cabus,
  • Allison Sueyi Chua,
  • Isabel Diercks,
  • Esposito Mario,
  • Michael Fink,
  • Mondane Fouqueray,
  • Firdovsi Gasanzade,
  • Sonja Geilert,
  • Judith Hauck,
  • Felix Havermann,
  • Inga Hellige,
  • Sven Hoog,
  • Malte Jürchott,
  • Habeeb Thanveer Kalapurakkal,
  • Jost Kemper,
  • Isabel Kremin,
  • Isabel Lange,
  • Jannine Marquez Lencina-Avila,
  • Margarita Liadova,
  • Feifei Liu,
  • Sabine Mathesius,
  • Neha Mehendale,
  • Tanvi Nagwekar,
  • Miriam Philippi,
  • Gustavo Leite Neves da Luz,
  • Murugan Ramasamy,
  • Florian Stahl,
  • Lukas Tank,
  • Maria-Elena Vorrath,
  • Lennart Westmark,
  • Hao-Wei Wey,
  • Ronja Wollnik,
  • Mirco Wölfelschneider,
  • Wolfgang Bach,
  • Kai Bischof,
  • maarten boersma,
  • Ute Daewel,
  • Mar Fernández-Méndez,
  • Jana Geuer,
  • David Peter Keller,
  • Achim J. Kopf,
  • Christine Merk,
  • Nils Moosdorf,
  • Natascha Maria Oppelt,
  • Andreas Oschlies,
  • Julia Pongratz,
  • Alexander Proelss,
  • Gregor Rehder,
  • Lars Helmuth Rüpke,
  • Nora Szarka,
  • Daniela Thrän,
  • Klaus Wallmann,
  • Nadine Mengis
Wanxuan Yao
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Teresa Morganti
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research
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Jiajun Wu
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
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Malgorzata Borchers
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH (UFZ)
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Anna-Adriana Anschütz
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research
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Lena-Katharina Bednarz
Kiel Institute for the World Economy
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Amrita Bhaumik
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
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Miranda Boettcher
Unknown
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Kremena Burkhard
Unknown
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Tony Cabus
Unknown
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Allison Sueyi Chua
Unknown
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Isabel Diercks
Unknown
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Esposito Mario
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
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Michael Fink
University of Hamburg
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Mondane Fouqueray
Unknown
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Firdovsi Gasanzade
Unknown
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Sonja Geilert
Utrecht University
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Judith Hauck
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
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Felix Havermann
Dept. of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University
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Inga Hellige
Unknown
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Sven Hoog
Unknown
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Malte Jürchott
Unknown
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Habeeb Thanveer Kalapurakkal
Unknown
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Jost Kemper
Unknown
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Isabel Kremin
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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Isabel Lange
Unknown
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Jannine Marquez Lencina-Avila
Unknown
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Margarita Liadova
Unknown
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Feifei Liu
Unknown
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Sabine Mathesius
Unknown
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Neha Mehendale
Unknown
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Tanvi Nagwekar
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
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Miriam Philippi
Unknown
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Gustavo Leite Neves da Luz
Unknown
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Murugan Ramasamy
Unknown
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Florian Stahl
Unknown
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Lukas Tank
Unknown
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Maria-Elena Vorrath
University of Hamburg, Germany
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Lennart Westmark
Unknown
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Hao-Wei Wey
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
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Ronja Wollnik
Unknown
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Mirco Wölfelschneider
Unknown
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Wolfgang Bach
University of Bremen
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Kai Bischof
Unknown
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maarten boersma
Alfred-Wegener-Institut
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Ute Daewel
Unknown
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Mar Fernández-Méndez
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
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Jana Geuer
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
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David Peter Keller
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR
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Achim J. Kopf
University of Bremen
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Christine Merk
Unknown
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Nils Moosdorf
Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT)
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Natascha Maria Oppelt
Kiel University
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Andreas Oschlies
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, GEOMAR
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Julia Pongratz
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Dep. Geographie
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Alexander Proelss
Unknown
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Gregor Rehder
Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde
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Lars Helmuth Rüpke
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
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Nora Szarka
Unknown
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Daniela Thrän
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH (UFZ)
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Klaus Wallmann
GEOMAR
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Nadine Mengis
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
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Abstract

Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to contribute to the mitigation of global climate change in combination with drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site-specific conditions.
In this paper, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO2 yr-1, which accounts for 8-22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at a specific site, within the German jurisdiction when possible. Furthermore, we discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches.
In total, we describe ten mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems’ sink capacity, and two employ geological off-shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of ten options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially rise to the challenge. This exercise provides a basis for further studies to assess the socio-economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations.
22 May 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
23 May 2024Published in ESS Open Archive