Abstract
Heterogeneous snow accumulation in the mountains introduces uncertainty
to water-supply forecasting in much of the world. Water managers’
awareness of the challenge may account for forecast errors in management
decisions. We assess the impact of uncertainty in seasonal-water-supply
forecasts on reservoir management using the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada of California as a case study. We find that higher forecast
uncertainty decreases the volume of water released from reservoirs
between April and July, suggesting that water managers hedge against the
possibility of lower-than-expected runoff. We modeled April-July water
releases as a function of corresponding runoff forecasts, their reported
uncertainty, and available storage capacity. An unbalanced (n=416) panel
data model with fixed effects suggests that if uncertainty goes up by 10
units, water managers reduce releases by about 6 units, even holding the
mean forecast constant. The forecast volume, its uncertainty, available
storage capacity, and the interaction between forecasted volume and
uncertainty were all statistically significant predictors (p <
0.005) of releases. Increased forecast uncertainty and increased
available storage were significantly and inversely associated with
April-July release volume, whereas forecast volume and the interaction
between forecast uncertainty and forecast volume were significantly and
positively associated with release volume. These results support the
hypothesis that water managers behave as if they are risk-averse with
respect to the possibility of less runoff than forecasted. Thus,
reducing operational forecast uncertainty may result in more water being
released, without the need for direct coordination with water managers.