3D local earthquake tomography of the Ecuadorian margin in the source
area of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake
Audrey Galve
Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur
Author ProfileDavide Oregioni
Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, IRD, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur
Author ProfileAbstract
Based on manually analyzed waveforms recorded by the permanent
Ecuadorian network and our large aftershock deployment installed after
the Pedernales earthquake, we derive three-dimensional Vp and Vp/Vs
structures and earthquake locations for central coastal Ecuador using
local earthquake tomography. Images highlight the features in the
subducting and overriding plates down to 35 km depth. Vp anomalies
(~4.5 – 7.5 km/s) show the roughness of the incoming
oceanic crust (OC). Vp/Vs varies from ~1.75 to
~1.94, averaging a value of 1.82 consistent with
terranes of oceanic nature. We identify a low Vp (~5.5
km/s) region extending along strike, in the marine forearc. To the
North, we relate this low Vp and Vp/Vs (<1.80) region to a
subducted seamount that might be part of the Carnegie Ridge (CR). To the
South, the low Vp region is associated with high Vp/Vs
(>1.85) which we interpret as deeply fractured, probably
hydrated OC caused by the CR being subducted. These features play an
important role in controlling the seismic behavior of the margin. While
subducted seamounts might contribute to the nucleation of intermediate
megathrust earthquakes in the northern segment, the CR seems to be the
main feature controlling the seismicity in the region by promoting
creeping and slow slip events (SSE) offshore that can be linked to the
updip limit of large megathrust earthquakes in the northern segment and
the absence of them in the southern region over the instrumental period.