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\begin{document}

\title{Large amplitude electrostatic proton plasma frequency waves in the
magnetospheric separatrix and outflow regions during magnetic
reconnection}



\author[1,1]{Konrad Steinvall}%
\author[1,1]{Yuri V. Khotyaintsev}%
\author[1,1]{Daniel Bruce Graham}%
\author[2,2]{Andris Vaivads}%
\author[1,1]{Mats André}%
\author[3,3]{Christopher T. Russell}%
\affil[1]{Swedish Institute of Space Physics}%
\affil[2]{KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden}%
\affil[3]{University of California Los Angeles}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of large amplitude,
parallel, electrostatic, proton plasma frequency waves on the
magnetospheric side of the reconnecting magnetopause. The waves are
often found in the magnetospheric separatrix region and in the outflow
near the magnetospheric ion edge. Statistical results from five months
of data show that these waves are closely tied to the presence of cold
(typically tens of eV) ions, found for 88\% of waves near the separatrix
region, and that plasma properties are consistent with ion acoustic
wavegrowth. We analyze one wave event in detail, concluding that the
wave is ion acoustic. We provide a simple explanation for the mechanisms
leading to the development of the ion acoustic instability. These waves
can be important for separatrix dynamics by heating the cold ion
component and providing a mechanism to damp the kinetic Alfv\selectlanguage{ngerman}én waves
propagating away from the reconnection site.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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