Yield forecasting can give early warning of food risks and provide theoretical support for food security planning. Climate change and land use change directly influence the regional yield and planting area of maize, but few existing studies have examined their synergistic impact on maize production. In this study, we combine system dynamic (SD), the future land use simulation (FLUS) and a statistical crop model to predict future maize yield variation in response to climate change and land use change. Specifically, SD predicts the future land use demand, FLUS simulates future spatial land use patterns, and a statistical maize yield model based on regression analysis is utilized to adjust the per hectare maize yield under four representative concentration pathways (RCPs). A phaeozem region in central Jilin Province of China is taken as a case study. The results show that the future land use pattern will significantly change from 2030 to 2050. Although the cultivated land is likely to reduce by 862.84 km2, the total maize yield in 2050 will increase under all four RCP scenarios due to the promotion of per hectare maize yield. RCP4.5 will be more beneficial to maize production than other scenarios, with a doubled total yield in 2050. Notably, the yield gap between different counties will be further widened, which necessitates the differentiated policies of agricultural production and farmland protection, e.g., strengthening cultivated land protection and crop management in low-yield areas, as well as taking adaptation and mitigation measures to coordinate climate change and crop production.