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Super-fountain Effect: Unleashing the Role of Electric Fields During the Extreme Geomagnetic Storm on May 10-11, 2024
  • Smitha V Thampi,
  • Indu Venugopal,
  • Ankush T. Bhaskar
Smitha V Thampi
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Indu Venugopal
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
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Ankush T. Bhaskar
ISRO/Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
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Abstract

During the extreme space weather event on May 10, 2024, a pronounced super-fountain effect was observed, driven by the prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) and pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) electric field. For this event, the SWARM-A satellite data provided unprecedented insights into the global impact of these electric fields due to its favorable orbit configuration which covered the local dusk sector. Observations revealed significant enhancements in the equatorial fountain, particularly over longitudes between $20^\circ$ E and 55$^\circ$W. Notably, this study also detected the first in-situ observational evidence of electron temperature (T$_e$) increases in the evening equatorial ionosphere during an extreme geomagnetic storm, with T$_e$ enhancements aligning with the super-fountain effect’s latitudinal extent. Additionally, contrasting effects were observed over a nearby longitude, highlighting the complex and localized nature of impact caused by extreme space weather.
21 Aug 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
22 Aug 2024Published in ESS Open Archive