Sedimentary provenance from the evolving forearc-to-foreland Central
Sakarya Basin, western Anatolia reveals multi-phase intercontinental
collision
Abstract
Collision between the Pontides and Anatolide-Tauride Block along the
İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture in Anatolia has been variously estimated
from the Late Cretaceous to Eocene. It remains unclear whether this age
range results from a protracted, multi-phase collision or differences
between proxies of collision age and along strike. Here, we leverage the
Cretaceous-Eocene evolution of the forearc-to-foreland Central Sakarya
Basin system in western Anatolia to determine when and how collision
progressed. New detrital zircon and sandstone petrography results
indicate that the volcanic arc was the main source of sediment to the
forearc basin in the Late Cretaceous. The first appearance of Pontide
basement-aged detrital zircons, in concert with exhumation of the
accretionary prism and a decrease in regional convergence rates
indicates intercontinental collision initiated no later than 76 Ma.
However, this first contractional phase does not produce thick-skinned
deformation and basin partitioning until ca. 54 Ma, coeval to regional
syn-collisional magmatism. We propose three non-exclusive and widely
applicable mechanisms to reconcile the observed ~20 Myr
delay between initial intercontinental collision and thick-skinned upper
plate deformation: relict basin closure north and south of the İAES,
gradual underthrusting of thicker lithosphere, and Paleocene slab
breakoff. These mechanisms highlight the links between upper plate
deformation and plate coupling during continental collision.