The Stochastic GM+E closure: A framework for coupling stochastic
backscatter with the Gent and McWilliams parameterization
Abstract
Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are often used at horizontal
resolutions that preclude the appearance of mesoscale eddies. The ocean
mesoscale constitutes a significant component of ocean variability, and
OGCMs whose resolutions are too coarse to represent the mesoscale are
necessarily lacking this variability. In addition to being variable, the
ocean mesoscale also induces variability on larger scales that could be
resolved on a coarse grid, but coarse OGCMs often lack this variability
too. This paper develops a stochastic parameterization that adds small
increments to an OGCM’s lateral velocity field, which excites natural
modes of variability in the model. The rate at which these velocity
increments add energy to the flow is tied to the rate at which the
Gent-McWilliams parameterization – a popular parameterization of the
effect of mesoscale eddies on tracer transport – removes potential
energy from the resolved scales. The stochastic parameterization is
implemented in a non-eddying OGCM, where it is shown to increase the
variability significantly.