Real-Time Control of Rainwater Harvesting Systems: The Benefits of
Increasing Rainfall Forecast Window
Abstract
Use of Real-Time Control (RTC) technology in Rainwater Harvesting
Systems (RWH) can improve performance across water supply, flood
protection, and environmental flow provision. Such systems make the most
of rainfall forecast information, to release water prior to storm events
and thus minimise uncontrolled overflows. To date, most advanced
applications have adopted 24-hr forecast information, leaving
longer-term forecasts largely untested. In this study, we aimed to
predict the performance of four different RTC strategies, based on
different forecast lead-time and preferred objectives. RTC systems were
predicted to yield comparatively slightly less harvested rainwater than
conventional passive systems, but delivered superior performance in
terms of flood mitigation and delivery of environmental water for
streamflow restoration. More importantly, using a 7-day rainfall
forecast, the longest commercially available prediction window, was
shown to enhance the ability of RTC in mitigating flood risks and
delivering an outflow regime that is close to the natural (reference)
streamflow. Such a finding suggests that RTC combined with 7-day
forecast can enhance the functionality of rainwater harvesting systems
to restore and even mimick the entire natural flow regimes in receiving
streams. This also opens up a new opportunity for practitioners to
implement smart technology in managing urban stormwater in a range of
contexts and for a range of stream health objectives.