Mature diffuse tectonic block boundary revealed by the 2020 southwestern
Puerto Rico seismic sequence
Abstract
Distributed faulting typically tends to coalesce into one or a few
faults with repeated deformation. The 2020 seismic sequence in
southwestern Puerto Rico (SWPR) was characterized however by rupture of
several short intersecting strike-slip and normal faults. The
deformation does not appear to have coalesced despite several lines of
geological and morphological evidence suggesting repeated deformation
since post early Pliocene (~>3 Ma). The
progression of clustered medium-sized (≥Mw4.5) earthquakes, modeling
shoreline subsidence from InSAR, and sub-seafloor mapping by
high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, suggest that the earthquake
swarm was distributed across several fault planes beneath the insular
shelf and upper slope in the vicinity of Guayanilla submarine canyon.
The deformation may represent the southernmost part of a diffuse
boundary, the Western Puerto Rico Deformation Boundary, which
accommodates differential movement between the Puerto Rico and
Hispaniola arc blocks. This differential movement is possibly driven by
the differential seismic coupling along the Puerto Rico – Hispaniola
subduction zone. We propose that the compositional heterogeneity across
the island arc retards the process of focusing the deformation into a
single fault. Given the evidence presented here, we should not expect a
single large event in this area but similar diffuse sequences in the
future.