Fig. 3. (A) Soreq and Peqiin cave δ18Oca. (B) Holocene (H5, H12 and Q5) and MIS 5e (Y99) stalagmite δ18Ocarecords from Qunf Cave (green) (Fleitmann et al., 2003a), Hoti Cave (red) (Fleitmann et al., 2004, 2007) and Mukalla Cave (blue). (C) Sanbao Cave (China) composite stalagmite δ18Oca (Cheng et al., 2009, 2016). (D) Reconstructed Bab-al-Mandab width using bathymetry data (GEBCO) and (E) the Relative sea-level (RSL) curve Probability-Maximum (blue), 95% confidence intervals (red) (Grant et al., 2012, 2014). (F) Rate of sea-level change predicted from RSL (Grant et al., 2012, 2014). (G) July insolation (W m2) at 15oN (Berger and Loutre, 1991, 1999). (H) Global ice-volume (LR04 δ18Obenthic) and Marine Isotope Stages (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). Green bars denote duration of SAHP 1 and 4, yellow bars denote timing of Heinrich Stadial 1 and 11 and the blue bar denotes the timing of the Younger Dryas event.