Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that tides are subject to
considerable changes on secular time scales. However, these studies rely
on sea level observations from tide gauges that are predominantly
located in coastal and shelf regions and therefore, the large-scale
patterns remain uncertain. Now, for the first time, satellite radar
altimetry (TOPEX/Poseidon & Jason series) has been used to study
worldwide linear trends in tidal harmonic constants of four major tides
(M2, S2, O1, and K1). This study demonstrates both the potential and
challenges of using satellite data for the quantification of such
long-term changes. Two alternative methods were implemented. In the
first method, tidal harmonic constants were estimated for consecutive
four-year periods, from which the linear change was then estimated. In
the second method, the estimation of linear trends in the tidal
constants of the four tides was integrated in the harmonic analysis.
First, both methods were assessed by application to tide gauge data that
were sub-sampled to the sampling scheme of the satellites. Thereafter
the methods were applied to the real satellite data. Results show both
statistically significant decreases and increases in amplitude up to 1
mm/year and significant phase changes up to ~0.1
deg/year. The level of agreement between altimeter-derived trends and
estimates from tide gauge data differs per region and per tide.