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\begin{document}

\title{Linking Fracture Roughness and Orientation to Bedding: Impact on Fluid
Flow}



\author[1]{Nathaniel Forbes Inskip}%
\author[1]{Tomos Phillips}%
\author[1]{Georgy Borisochev}%
\author[2]{Onoriode Esegbue}%
\author[3]{Kevin Bisdom}%
\author[4]{Phillip Meredith}%
\author[5]{Ben Callow}%
\author[1]{Andreas Busch}%
\affil[1]{Heriot-Watt University}%
\affil[2]{Newcastle University}%
\affil[3]{Shell Global Solutions}%
\affil[4]{University College London}%
\affil[5]{Pore-Scale Processes in Geomaterials Research (PProGRess)}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Rock fractures play a fundamental role in fluid migration through the
crust, rendering them important in geoenergy applications. Although
often modelled as smooth parallel plates, fracture surfaces are rough,
and roughness impacts transport properties. Despite their importance,
there remains a paucity of data related to what controls fracture
roughness and, consequently, how this affects fluid flow. Here, we
examine how fracture orientation affects fracture roughness in Nash
Point Shale, using laboratory-and synchrotron-based \selectlanguage{greek}µ-\selectlanguage{english}CT, and optical
microscopy methods, and consequently how fracture orientation and
roughness affect fluid flow through a series of core flooding
experiments. We show that there is a strong correlation between fracture
orientation, fracture roughness and surface area, for fractures between
the Short-transverse and Arrester orientations. Fractures in the Divider
orientation have both a larger surface area and higher roughness than
fractures in all other orientations, which we relate to fundamental
differences in the fracture mechanics in this orientation. We also
measured the permeability of samples containing mated fractures of
different orientations to bedding but discovered no systematic
differences between them.%
\end{abstract}%



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