\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[greek,ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Methane's Solar Radiative Forcing}



\author[1]{Rachael Emily Byrom}%
\author[2]{Keith Peter Shine}%
\affil[1]{CICERO Center for International Climate Research}%
\affil[2]{University of Reading}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 08, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Methane (CH\textsubscript{4}) has significant absorption bands at
wavelengths of 1.7, 2.3, 3.3 and 7.6 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}m which absorb incoming solar
`shortwave' (SW) radiation and cause a radiative forcing (RF) of
climate. This letter presents a comprehensive quantification of
CH\textsubscript{4} SW RF using a narrow-band radiative transfer model
to calculate spatially and monthly resolved estimates of the direct
CH\textsubscript{4} SW effect and its impact on longwave (LW) RF via
stratospheric temperature change. This significantly extends previous
assessments. Calculations include satellite measurements of
CH\textsubscript{4} distribution, spectrally-varying surface albedo and
absorption of solar mid-infrared radiation by methane's 7.6 \selectlanguage{greek}µ\selectlanguage{english}m band.
These factors substantially influence the SW effect; all-sky
CH\textsubscript{4} SW tropopause instantaneous RF is significantly
smaller than previous estimates at 0.002 W m\textsuperscript{-2}
(\selectlanguage{ngerman}±25\%). In total, the CH\textsubscript{4} SW effect enhances
CH\textsubscript{4} LW-only RF by 7\% from 0.574 W m\textsuperscript{-2}
to 0.613 W m\textsuperscript{-2} for a 750-1800 ppb perturbation.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

