Essential Site Maintenance: Authorea-powered sites will be updated circa 15:00-17:00 Eastern on Tuesday 5 November.
There should be no interruption to normal services, but please contact us at [email protected] in case you face any issues.

loading page

Rapid Conjugate Appearance of the Giant Ionospheric Lamb Wave in the Northern Hemisphere After Hunga-Tonga Volcano Eruptions
  • +6
  • Jia-Ting Lin,
  • P. K. Rajesh,
  • Charles C. H. Lin,
  • Min-Yang Chou,
  • Jann-Yenq Liu,
  • Jia Yue,
  • Ho-Fang Tsai,
  • Hoi-Man Chao,
  • Mu-Min Kung
Jia-Ting Lin
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University
Author Profile
P. K. Rajesh
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University
Author Profile
Charles C. H. Lin
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Min-Yang Chou
Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Space Flight Center
Author Profile
Jann-Yenq Liu
National Central University, National Central University
Author Profile
Jia Yue
Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard Space Flight Center
Author Profile
Ho-Fang Tsai
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University
Author Profile
Hoi-Man Chao
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University
Author Profile
Mu-Min Kung
National Cheng Kung University, National Cheng Kung University
Author Profile

Abstract

The explosive eruption of the Hunga-Tonga volcano in the southwest Pacific at 0415UT on 15 January 2022 triggered gigantic atmospheric disturbances with surface air pressure wave propagating around the globe in Lamb mode. In space, concentric traveling ionosphere disturbances (CTIDs) are also observed as a manifestation of air pressure acoustic waves in New Zealand ~0500UT and Australia ~0630UT. As soon as the wave reached central Australia ~0800UT, CTIDs appeared simultaneously in the northern hemispheres through magnetic field line conjugate effect, which is much earlier than the arrival of the air pressure wave to Japan after 1100UT. Combining observations over Australia and Japan between 0800-1000UT, CTIDs with characteristics of phase velocities of 320-390 m/s are observed, matching with the dispersion relation of Lamb mode. The arrival of atmospheric Lamb wave to Japan later created in situ CTIDs showing the same Lamb mode characteristics as the earlier arriving CTIDs.