Temporal variations of CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 sea ice freeboard around
SIMBA buoys of MOSAiC campaign
Abstract
String based sea ice mass balance array (SIMBA) buoy is a good data
source to figure out the temporal variations of sea ice freeboard or
thickness over the polar oceans. In particular, SIMBA buoys operated as
a part of MOSAiC expedition provide relatively homogeneous measurements
of snow depth and ice thickness nearby MOSAiC distributed regional
network. Therefore, by using 10 SIMBA buoys from MOSAiC expedition, we
assess the ability of CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 in estimating the temporal
variations of the sea ice freeboard over the freezing season. We first
calculate the ice freeboard and total freeboard at each SIMBA buoy from
the temperature profiles of the buoy. Then the mean, median, and
lognormal mode of the CryoSat-2 ice freeboard and ICESat-2 total
freeboard are calculated within 20 km buffer from the buoy. CryoSat-2
ice freeboard shows a good correspondence with the buoy ice freeboard:
increase rate of ~2 cm/month, correlation coefficient
(R) greater than 0.7 (P < 0.001), and RMSE of 3-4 cm.
Meanwhile, ICESat-2 also shows a significant correlation: increase rate
of 2-4 cm/month, R > 0.7, and RMSE of 8-12 cm. CryoSat-2
generally overestimates the ice freeboard and the lognormal estimations
show the least biases. On the contrary, ICESat-2 underestimates the
total freeboard and the mean estimations show the least biases. This
result should be associated with various sources of uncertainties:
formation of snow ice at the buoys, variations of snow/ice density,
freeboard retrieval algorithms of the satellite altimeters, and
spatial/temporal variations between buoy and satellite data.