Abstract
Underwater bedforms in a flow have been shown to cast free-surface
signatures that carry important information about these bedforms thus
allowing for a novel non-intrusive methodology for bedform inference
through measurement of these signatures (Gakhar et al. 2020, J. Fluid
Mech. vol.900, A41). We present a method (Polarimetric Height Sensing or
PHS) for spatiotemporally reconstructing the two-dimensional height
field of a (water) free surface, thereby allowing for characterization
of the free-surface signatures of submerged bedforms. The
instrumentation for PHS comprises a small, easily portable polarimetric
camera. PHS, which incorporates more than just the intensity of the
light as in a regular digital image, works as follows. When light is
reflected from the water surface, it acquires a polarization that
depends on the polarization state of the incident beam, the indices of
refraction of the surface and air, and most importantly the angle and
plane of incidence. Given that we already know the refractive indices
and the incident light’s polarization, using measurements of the
polarization of the reflected light, we can quantify the geometric
properties of the water surface. We illustrate the technique via
laboratory experiments using imaging of the water in an open-channel
recirculating water flume.