Reduced Order Modeling for Linearized Representations of Microphysical
Process Rates
Abstract
Representing cloud microphysical processes in large scale atmospheric
models is challenging because many processes depend on the details of
the droplet size distribution (DSD, the spectrum of droplets with
different sizes in a cloud). While full or partial statistical moments
of droplet size distributions are the typical basis set used in bulk
models, prognostic moments are limited in their ability to represent
microphysical processes across the range of conditions experienced in
the atmosphere. Microphysical parameterizations employing prognostic
moments are known to suffer from structural uncertainty in their
representations of inherently higher dimensional cloud processes, which
limit model fidelity and lead to forecasting errors. Here we investigate
how data-driven reduced order modeling can be used to learn predictors
for microphysical process rates in bulk microphysics schemes in an
unsupervised manner from higher dimensional bin distributions, by
simultaneously learning lower dimensional representations of droplet
size distributions and predicting the evolution of the microphysical
state of the system. Droplet collision-coalescence, the main process for
generating warm rain, is estimated to have an intrinsic dimension of 3.
This intrinsic dimension provides a lower limit on the number of degrees
of freedom needed to accurately represent collision-coalescence in
models. We demonstrate how deep learning based reduced-order modeling
can be used to discover intrinsic coordinates describing the
microphysical state of the system, where process rates such as
collision-coalescence are globally linearized. These implicitly learned
representations of the DSD retain more information about the DSD than
typical moment-based representations.