Abstract
Wind and solar energy technologies are, by their nature, variable.
Variations in resource availability, based on weather patterns, occur on
intra-day to inter-annual time scales. Many energy system models
optimize over a single year of input weather and electricity demand
data. Energy system planners need increased understanding of the
variability in generation potential across multiple years and how this
could impact model results. A system achieving 100% reliability modeled
using Year A data will not necessarily achieve 100% reliability when
applied to Year B data unless an overbuild safety margin is added. We
demonstrate: 1) model results can vary significantly based on the year
of data used, 2) adding wind and solar does not necessarily reduce the
predictability of meeting reliability targets year-to-year and can
improve predictability in many cases, and 3) we illustrate a method to
derive safety margins to predictably meet 100% reliability year after
year and find the least-cost option.