Quantitatively deciphering paleostrain from digital outcrops model and
its application in the eastern Tian Shan, China
Abstract
The knowledge of the strain/stress field evolution in time is important
to seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation, and is fundamental to
the understanding of the earth dynamic system. Based on the principle
that past tectonic stress should have left traces in the rocks,
geologists have been trying to determine the paleostress history from
evidence found in rocks for decades. Recent development of techniques
for automatic extraction of fracture surfaces from digital outcrop
models and estimation of historical shear deformation on rock fractures
provide an efficient way of quantitatively acquiring large amount of
high quality fracture/fault slip data (direction and sense of slip
occurs on the fault plane) from outcrops. So unlike traditional
paleostress inversion methods whose data is manually collected in the
field, this high quality fracture/fault slip data provide an opportunity
to develop fully automatic and quantitative methods for deciphering
paleostrain. In this study, for slip on each fracture, the corresponding
local strain tensor is calculated, then the local strain tensors are
grouped into populations corresponding to far-field strain events and
local strain events using a clustering analysis technique. The
applications on outcrops in the eastern Tian Shan area give a clear
picture of the paleostrain variation over space and time, and also throw
light on the relationship between paleostrain, fracture development and
the distribution of shear displacements in a thrusting environment.