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\begin{document}

\title{Elemental diffusion chronostratigraphy: time-integrated insights into
the dynamics of plumbing systems}



\author[1]{Chiara Maria Petrone}%
\author[1]{Martin Mangler}%
\affil[1]{The Natural History Museum}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Time-related information of pre-eruptive magmatic processes is locked in
the chemical profile of compositionally zoned minerals and can be
retrieved by means of elemental diffusion chronometry. However, only the
timescale of the outermost rim is commonly resolved, limiting our
knowledge of timescales to those directly preceding the eruption. A
major obstacle is the need to accurately constrain temperatures at which
diffusion occurred. This is particular difficult for multiple zoned
minerals where the different compositional boundaries indicate multiple
physicochemical changes of melt environments during the lifetime of a
crystal. Here, we argue that elemental diffusion chronostratigraphy can
be fully resolved for crystals that have spent their lifetime in hot
storage. Under this condition, crystals will be kept at the temperature
of the eruptible magma(s), and diffusion timescales approximate the
storage of the crystal in question in different melt environments. We
further argue that hot storage conditions are typical of open-conduit
systems in steady-state and are driven by the regular supply of fresh
hot magmas determining the constant presence of eruptible magma. Fe-Mg
interdiffusion in pyroxenes from Stromboli and Popocatepetl volcanoes
are used as examples to reconstruct the time-dependent elemental
diffusion chronostratigraphy of single crystals and discuss magma
dynamics implications. Uncertainties introduced by temperature estimates
and other input data, including experimentally derived values for the
activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor D0, have large
effects on the accuracy of modelled timescales, which need to be
correctly evaluated and mitigated. Elemental diffusion
chronostratigraphy is an extremely powerful tool to obtain time-related
temporal information on the dynamics and histories of volcanic plumbing
systems, which can lead to an in-depth knowledge of the magmatic system
far beyond late-stage pre-eruptive processes. Combined with monitoring
data and other petrological, geological and geophysical constraints at
active volcanoes, they can greatly enhance our capability to inform
volcanic hazard assessments.%
\end{abstract}%



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