Abstract
Most studies of earthquake source parameters give detailed information
about individual earthquakes. A complementary approach is examining
large datasets to gain insight into general properties of many
earthquakes, rather than specifics for individual earthquakes. In the
traditional formulation for inverse problems, such studies gain high
stability - general properties - at the cost of low resolution -
specifics for individual earthquakes. In one study we compared moment
tensors in the USGS and the Global CMT Project catalogs. The differences
are typically an order of magnitude larger than the reported errors,
suggesting that the errors substantially underestimate the uncertainty.
GCMT generally reports larger scalar moments than the USGS, with the
difference decreasing with magnitude. This difference is larger and of
opposite sign from that expected due to the different definitions of the
scalar moment. Instead, the differences are intrinsic to the tensors,
presumably in part due to different phases used in the inversions. A
second study examines non-double-couple (NDC) components of moment
tensors, which may reflect complex source processes for earthquakes in
specific tectonic environments, the combined effect of double couple
sources with different geometries, or artifacts of the inversion. A
large dataset of moment tensors for earthquakes from three global and
four regional catalogs shows that NDC components are essentially
independent of magnitude for earthquakes with 2.9 < Mw
< 8.2, with a mean deviation from a double-couple source of
~20%. The consistency suggests that most NDC components
do not reflect complex rupture processes, which should be a greater
effect for larger earthquakes because a significant NDC component
requires substantially different geometry between portions of the
rupture. Furthermore, there is essentially no difference in NDC
components between earthquakes with different fault mechanisms, in
different tectonic environments, or in different types of lithosphere.
This consistency indicates that most NDC components do not reflect
actual source processes, which would likely cause variability. Hence
although some earthquakes have real NDC components, it appears that for
most earthquakes, especially smaller ones, NDC components are likely to
be artifacts of the inversion.