Localization of the source of quasiperiodic VLF emissions in the
magnetosphere by using simultaneous ground and space observations: a
case study
Abstract
We study quasi-periodic VLF emissions observed simultaneously by Van
Allen Probes spacecraft and Kannuslehto and Lovozero ground-based
stations on 25 December 2015. Both Van Allen Probes A and B detected
quasi-periodic emissions, probably originated from a common source, and
observed on the ground. In order to locate possible regions of wave
generation, we analyze wave normal angles with respect to the
geomagnetic field, Poynting flux direction, and cyclotron instability
growth rate calculated by using the measured phase space density of
energetic electrons. We demonstrate that even parallel wave propagation
and proper (downward) Poynting flux direction are not sufficient for
claiming observations to be in the source region. Agreement between the
growth rate and emission bands was obtained for a restricted part of Van
Allen Probe A trajectory corresponding to localized enhancement of
plasma density with scale of 700~km. We employ
spacecraft density data to build a model plasma profile and to calculate
ray trajectories from the point of wave detection in space to the
ionosphere, and examine the possibility of their exit to the ground. For
the considered event, the wave could exit to the ground in the
geomagnetic flux tube with enhanced plasma density, that ensured ducted
propagation. The region of wave exit was confirmed by the analysis of
wave propagation direction at the ground detection point.