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Strain accumulation and release rate in Canada: Implications for long-term crustal deformation and earthquake hazards
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  • Adebayo Ojo,
  • Honn Kao,
  • Yan Jiang,
  • Michael Craymer,
  • Joseph Henton
Adebayo Ojo
Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Honn Kao
Geological Survey of Canada
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Yan Jiang
Geological Survey of Canada
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Michael Craymer
Natural Resources Canada
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Joseph Henton
Natural Resources Canada
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Abstract

To advance the understanding of crustal deformation and earthquake hazards in Canada, we analyze seismic and geodetic datasets and robustly estimate the crust strain accumulation and release rate by earthquakes. We find that less than 20% of the accumulated strain is released by earthquakes across the study area providing evidence for large-scale aseismic deformation. We attribute this to Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) in eastern Canada, where predictions from the GIA model accounts for most of the observed discrepancy between the seismic and the geodetic moment rates. In western Canada, only a small percentage (< 20%) of the discrepancy can be attributed to GIA-related deformation. We suspect that this may reflect the inaccuracy of the GIA model to account for heterogeneity in Earth structure or indicate that the present-day effect of GIA in western Canada is limited due to the fast response of the upper mantle to the de-glaciation of the Cordillera Ice Sheet. At locations of previously identified seismic source zones, we speculate that the unreleased strain is been stored cumulatively in the crust and will be released as earthquakes in the future. The Gutenberg-Richter (GR) model predicts, however, that the recurrence interval can vary significantly in Canada, ranging from decades near plate boundary zones in the west to thousands of years in the stable continental interior. Our attempt to quantify the GIA-induced deformation provides the necessary first step for the integration of geodetic strain rates in seismic hazard analysis in Canada.
Apr 2021Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth volume 126 issue 4. 10.1029/2020JB020529