Martian meteoritic petrology and regional chemistry of Hesperian-Amazonian volcanism support secularly decreasing degrees of partial melting and thickening crust underlain by simple mantle convection. However, the applicability of this interior evolution model and resurfacing trends to the Noachian remains unknown. Using regional gamma spectroscopy and geophysical analysis, we find that supereruptions characterized Noachian volcanism in NW Arabia with co-enriched K, Th, and Si. Geophysical analysis reveals elastic thickness values below 20 km, indicating a heat flux exceeding many Hesperian volcanoes. Collectively, our results support large ion lithophile loss from low degrees of partial melting of the Noachian mantle, signifying an early stage of interior evolution that contrasts with the Hesperian-Amazonian model. Regional chemistry further suggests climate-altering supereruptive exhalations of ~10⁹ kg S-phases.