Estimation of Bed Shear Stress using Turbulent Kinetic Energy in
Three-dimensional Complex Flow Fields around an Obstruction in a Coarse
Bed River
Abstract
Erosion, transport, and deposition of a river-bed has attracted
attentions from various disciplines. To understand those issues, bed
shear stress should be evaluated first. However, calculating bed shear
stress with existing formulas have certain limitations because uniform
and/or gradually-varied flow was assumed in their studies, which is
hardly found in an actual river. Therefore, direct applying them into
three-dimensional complex flow field, such as flow around a bridge
obstruction or a large-rock, is questionable. Thus, laboratory
experiment was conducted in a flume and the results were used to suggest
a method of bed shear stress estimation in the complex flow field. To
generate the complex flow field, three different width of obstruction
was constructed and installed in one side of the flume. Water depth,
velocities, and turbulence intensities were measured, and the
measurements were used as input variables of four different widely used
existing shear stress formulas for their evaluation. Then, the effects
of local turbulence on the shear stress were discussed in terms of
Reynolds stress and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) measured under a wide
range of flow variables. Based on the findings, bed shear stress can be
estimated with an empirical correction factor for the local turbulence
around the obstruction where elevated region of bed shear stress is
found, and the experimental result shows that the correction factor is
function of the value of flow contraction ratio. The results are
expected to be a useful outcome to understand the mechanism of
geomorphological change under rapidly-varied non-uniform flow.