Abstract
A radio transmitter which is accelerating with a non-zero radial
component with respect to a receiver will produce a signal that appears
to change in frequency over time. This effect, commonly produced in
astrophysical situations where orbital and rotational motions are
ubiquitous, is called a drift rate. In radio SETI (Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence) research, it is unknown a priori which
frequency a signal is being sent at, or even if there will be any drift
rate at all besides motions in the solar system. Therefore a range of
potential drift rates need to be individually searched, and a maximum
drift rate needs to be chosen. The middle of this range is zero,
indicating no acceleration, but the absolute value for the limits
remains unconstrained. A balance must be struck between computational
time and the possibility of excluding a signal from ETI. In this work,
we examine physical considerations that constrain a maximum drift rate
and highlight the importance of this problem in any narrowband SETI
search. We determine that a normalized drift rate of 200 nHz (e.g. 200
Hz/s at 1 GHz) is a generous, physically motivated guideline for the
maximum drift rate that should be applied to future narrowband SETI
projects if computational capabilities permit.