Abstract
The Mexican Array Radio Telescope (MEXART) is a transit instrument
mainly dedicated to performing Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS)
observations with a central operating frequency of 139.65 MHz. The main
scientific objective is to perform studies of solar wind properties and
space weather effects. MEXART initially operated with an analog
beamformer (16x16 Butler matrix), which produced 16 fixed latitudinal
beams. MEXART began operations and reported the first measurements of
IPS sources. MEXART’s beamforming system had several problems, however.
The North-South beams had poor directivity, with large side lobes, and
the instrument did not achieve the expected performance. Therefore, we
commissioned the design and construction of a digital back-end. The
digital system solved the problems with the beamforming, increased the
bandwidth, and improved significantly the instrument’s sensitivity. In
this paper, we present the first light of MEXART’s digital system. We
describe the new technical capabilities of the instrument, and we show
some preliminary results: an estimation of the radio telescope’s
sensitivity ($\Delta S_{min} = 2.28
\pm 0.23$ Jy), the transit of the Galaxy at 140 MHz with
the simultaneous tracking of 62 latitudinal beams, and an example of an
IPS observation and the single-station methodology to calculate the
solar wind speed. The new technical capabilities of the radio telescope
will provide the potential to participate in several scientific studies.
These include solar wind properties, space weather forecasting,
ionospheric perturbations, and astrophysical aims such as monitoring of
repeating Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), and pulsars’ observations.