ANGULAR MODELING OF THE COMPONENTS OF NET RADIATION IN AGRICULTURAL
CROPS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON ENERGY BALANCE CLOSURE
Abstract
Efficient water management in agricultural crops is necessary to
increase productivity and adapt to climate change. Evapotranspiration
(ET) data are key to determine water requirements of crops and set
efficient irrigation schedules. Estimating ET at regional scale (for
example, in irrigation districts) is a technically complex task that has
been tackled by using data acquired by remote sensors on satellites that
can be validated with scaled up field measurements when area sources are
matched. Energy and matter flux measurements using the eddy covariance
(EC) technique are challenging due to balance closure issues, claimed to
be due to the different footprints of the energy-balance components. We
describe net radiometer footprints in terms of the sun-sensor geometry
to characterize the bidirectional distribution functions of albedo and
thermal emissions. In this context, we describe a one-parameter model of
the components of net radiation that can be calibrated with a single
data point. The model was validated in an experiment with five
agricultural crops at Valle del Yaqui, in Sonora, Mexico, using
different sun-sensor geometry configurations. The results from the
experimental fits are satisfactory (R2 >
0.99) and support the use of the model for albedo and radiative
(surface) temperature in order to estimate net radiation. The analysis
of the implications regarding a mismatch among footprints of the
components of the energy balance showed that net radiometer fluxes are
most of the time overestimated implying that the closure problem could
be solved using similar footprint as aerodynamic components of the
energy balance.