Rapid growth and high cloud forming potential of anthropogenic sulfate
aerosol during the Covid lockdown in India: Changes in the production
and properties of cloud con-densation nuclei (CCN) during heavily
polluted compared to relatively cleaner condi-tions
Abstract
Covid lockdown presented an important opportunity to study relatively
cleaner conditions in India. The complex factors of power production,
industry, and transportation could be more carefully dissected because
of the extreme reduction in the influence of the latter two emission
sources. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and
other chemical properties of atmospheric aerosols showed that newly
formed aerosol particles were produced in the SO2 plume
from a large coal-fired power plant, contrary to normal conditions of
heavy pollution. The sulfate-rich particles had high CCN activity and
number concentration, indicating high cloud-forming potential. Examining
the sensitivity of CCN properties under relatively clean conditions over
India provides important new constraints on the perturbations of past
and future climate forcing by anthropogenic emissions. Because most
sensitive regime of aerosol climate forcing on cloud development is the
midpoint of relatively clean conditions afforded by the Covid lockdown
between background and polluted conditions.