\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{A framework fusing multiple representations of same processes from
different perspectives for robust modeling of plant interaction with
hydrological processes}



\author[1]{Xu Liang}%
\author[2]{Liuyan Hu}%
\author[2]{Hector W. Clavijo}%
\author[2]{Jeen-Shang Lin}%
\affil[1]{University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh}%
\affil[2]{University of Pittsburgh}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
A modeling framework is presented for hydrological modeling to more
accurately describe the water, energy, and carbon cycles and their
interactions with participating processes. This framework extends the
modeling strategy presented in Luo et al. (2013) by simultaneously using
multiple plausible expressions, derived from different perspectives, in
representing the same processes, and enforcing them together with an
optimality rule and a semi-empirical expression for plant CO2 uptake.
The objectives are to reduce unconstrained free variables, mitigate
parameter or variable equifinality, reduce result uncertainties, and
ultimately increase the model robustness and predictability. For
demonstration, the least cost optimality theory from Prentice et al.
(2014), after extended to include water-limited conditions, is combined
with the updated semi-empirical Ball-Berry-Leuning formulation (Tuzet et
al., 2003). These two expressions are combined with other multiple
expressions adopted for hydrological modeling. This framework is
incorporated into both VIC+ and a modified DHSVM hydrological models
with each applied to two different sites. Numerical studies are
performed that using three approaches which only differ in the stomatal
conductance modeling, namely, one uses the extended Prentice, one the
semi-empirical, and the new framework that uses both. Results show that
although all three approaches give reasonable estimates of limited
measured fluxes, the present modeling framework gives much more
reasonable estimates in the stomatal conductance and in other major
model variables, and it also results in giving a relationship between
carboxylation and transpiration that is consistent with observations.
This modeling framework is general and can be adopted for other fields
of study.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

