Shear wave velocity structure from high resolution 2-D Rayleigh wave
group velocity tomography for India and surrounding regions.
Abstract
We use 7823 regional waveforms from 2520 earthquakes (M >
4.0) recorded at 244 stations, located on the Indian subcontinent and
Tibet, to compute fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocity
dispersion curves between 10 s and 120 s. The Rayleigh waveforms for all
these traces had a signal-to-noise ratio above two for the periods of
our interest. The dataset provides a dense sampling of the Bay of Bengal
and the Arabian Sea, the Indian subcontinent, the Himalayan foreland
basin, the Himalaya, and the Tibetan Plateau, between latitudes -8° to
40° and longitudes 60° to 100°. These 1-D path average group velocity
curves were linearly combined through a ray theory based tomography
formulation to obtain 2-D maps of lateral variation of group velocities
at discrete periods. For the tomography the region is parametrised as 1°
triangular elements with slowness defined at the apex of each triangle
(node points). The coverage and resolution of the tomography maps are
explored by computing ray density map, raypath orientation map and a
standard checker board resolution test. The best resolved features in
the tomography maps are at periods between 15 s and 45 s and is of the
order of 4° x 4°. From the ray density and raypath orientation maps we
observe that the best resolved grids are the ones where there is maximum
ray density and uniform raypath orientation. To optimise the choice of
the apriori slowness vis-a-vis the sharpness of the observed anomalies
in the tomography inversion, we performed apriori slowness test. We used
a number of fixed apriori slowness values and computed the tomography
images for every period. A plot of the apriori slowness versus sum of
squares(residuals) provides the choice for the optimum value for every
period. We observe that for most periods this is marked by a minimum in
the tradeoff curve. The regions with low velocities depict the basin
areas with high sediment cover whereas the high velocity regions are
indicative of the cratons and shield areas. Finally, we model the group
velocity curve at each node point using a quasi-linear least squares
inversion scheme of Ammon and Hermann (2004) to obtain 1-D shear wave
velocity structure beneath the node point. We will use cubic spline
interpolation through these 1-D models to obtain 3-D shear wave velocity
structure across the region of interest.