Assessment of South America Mid-Plate Strain Rates through GNSS
Velocities Estimated from SIRGAS-C Time Series
Abstract
We are investigating terrain deformations of long range and persistence
that take place on continental scale over the stable shield of
continental South America. The crustal deformation is being investigated
by correlating with velocities and directions obtained from time series
of approximately 60 GNSS stations deployed in Brazil and neighboring
countries that take part of the Continuous network of the Geocentric
Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS-C). We attempt to estimate
velocities and mid-plate strain rates using the best GNSS stations
located in the stable South America mid-plate. The velocities have been
estimated by Least Square Estimation (LSE) using SIRGAS weekly time
series with a stochastic model composed of white noise plus flicker or
random walk noises. Variance Component Estimation (VCE; Amiri-Simkooei
et al., 2007) has been applied to classify the type of noise and compose
the time series stochastic model. In addition, the time series breaks
and offsets are taken into account in the LSE. The noises were
classified as white plus flicker noise in approximately 70% of the
horizontal component and most of random walk appears for stations
located in the Amazon and Pantanal basins or near the coastal zones. The
estimated formal precision reach about 0.10 mm/year with RMS of residual
near 1.5 and 4.5 mm respectively for horizontal and vertical velocities.
The estimated velocities by LSE were also computed by using the MIDAs
code (Blewit et al 2015) and the results show an agreement of the order
of 0.30 mm/y. The computed strain rates in the central part of Brazil
indicate shortening, consistent with the predominance of reverse
faulting mechanisms. When a station pair includes one station near the
coast, the linear strain rates indicate extension. However, strain rates
do not clearly indicate a preferred principal direction and do not seem
compatible with the stress patterns derived from the focal mechanisms.
In addition, the rate of seismic moment release indicates strain rates
from earthquake occurrence two to three orders of magnitude lower than
the observed strain rates from the geodetic network. Assessment of South
America linear strain rates computed through estimated GNSS velocities
will be discussed.