loading page

Thermospheric orthohelium, He(23S), variations associated with a moderate storm in February 2023: the NIRAS-2 observations at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (78.1\degree N, 16.0\degree E), Svalbard.
  • +4
  • Takanori Nishiyama,
  • Masato Kagitani,
  • Tikemani Bag,
  • Takuo T. Tsuda,
  • Yuki Iwasa,
  • Yasunobu Ogawa,
  • Fred Sigernes
Takanori Nishiyama
Kokuritsu Kyokuchi Kenkyujo

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Masato Kagitani
Tohoku University
Author Profile
Tikemani Bag
National Institute of Polar Research
Author Profile
Takuo T. Tsuda
University of Electro-Communications
Author Profile
Yuki Iwasa
National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
Author Profile
Yasunobu Ogawa
National Institute of Polar Research
Author Profile
Fred Sigernes
University Centre in Svalbard
Author Profile

Abstract

This study presents time variability of metastable orthohelium, He(23S), in polar region associated with a geomagnetic storm for the first time. Continuous 17-nights dataset of He(23S) airglow brightness at 1083 nm was obtained from a short-wavelength infrared imaging spectrograph (NIRAS-2) at the KHO, Svalbard (78.1°N, 16.0°E). The observed He(23S) airglow brightness clearly displayed responses to the geomagnetic storm in different time scales. The He(23S) airglow brightness has began to decrease sharply within an hour of sudden commencement of the storm, and it was gradually decreased over the next few days and then recovered slowly. It agreed to helium density variations at 500-km altitude calculated by MSIS. The depletion of He(23S) was mainly caused by enhanced Penning ionization due to upwelling N2 from the lower atmosphere; this was consistent with decreased O/N2 ratio in MSIS and TIMED/GUVI measurements, and electron density depletion in F region observed by EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR). Additionally, sudden increases in He(23S) airglow brightness were clearly found associated with intermittent electron precipitations observed by the ESR. Therefore, direct impact by precipitating electron injected from the space to the polar upper atmosphere can play significant roles in production of He(23S). The NIRAS-2 measurements have successfully demonstrated that column density of He(23S) from the upper thermosphere to the exosphere was drastically changed by forcing both from the lower atmosphere and from the space. He(23S) measurements will definitely improve our understanding of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling system and extend the coverage of space weather forecasting up to the exobase.
26 Sep 2024Submitted to ESS Open Archive
27 Sep 2024Published in ESS Open Archive