Abstract
The role of Stokes drift production (SDP), including Coriolis-Stokes
forcing, small scale Langmuir circulation and resolved-scale
Craik-Leibovich vortex forcing, in ocean dynamics of Bohai Sea (BS),
China under typhoon condition is systematically investigated for the
first time, utilizing a coupled wave-current modeling system, which is
verified to be capable of well simulating the ocean dynamical processes.
The effects of SDP on the turbulent mixing and further the dynamics
during the entire typhoon period, including the pre-typhoon,
during-typhoon, and after-typhoon stages, are comprehensively detected
and discussed. Experimental results show that SDP greatly enhances the
turbulent mixing at all depths in BS under typhoon condition, the
increase can be up to 7 times that of the normal weather. At the same
time, SDP generally strengthens the sea surface cooling by more than
0.4℃, with the maximum SST decrease exceeding 2℃ at the during-typhoon
stage, about 7 times that in normal weather. SDP-induced current speed
decrease can be over 0.2m/s, and change in current direction is
generally opposite to the wind direction, suggesting that to a certain
extent Stokes drift depresses the impact of high wind speed on current
by intensifying the turbulent mixing. MLD is distinctly increased by
~O(1) during typhoon due to SDP, in deep water
region the deepening is greater than 5m, and the maxima can be
~7.5m. In addition, the continuous impacts of SDP on
SST, current and MLD at the after-typhoon stage present a hysteretic
response between SDP and typhoon action.