Segmentation of shallow slow slip events at the Hikurangi subduction
zone explained by along-strike changes in the fault geometry and plate
convergence rates
Abstract
Over the last two decades, geodetic and seismic observations have
revealed a spectrum of slow earthquakes along the Hikurangi subduction
zone in New Zealand. Of those, shallow slow slip events (SSEs) that
occur at depths of less than 15 km along the plate interface show a
strong along-strike segmentation in their recurrence intervals, which
vary from ~1 year from offshore Tolaga Bay in the
northeast to ~5 years offshore Cape Turnagain
~300 km to the southeast. To understand the factors that
control this segmentation, we conduct numerical simulations of SSEs
incorporating laboratory-derived rate-and-state friction laws with both
planar and non-planar fault geometries. We find that a relatively simple
model assuming a realistic non-planar fault geometry can reproduce the
characteristics of shallow SSEs as constrained by geodetic observations.
Our preferred model captures the magnitudes and durations of SSEs, as
well as the northward decrease of their recurrence intervals. Our
results indicate that the segmentation of SSEs’ recurrence intervals is
favored by along-strike changes in both the plate convergence rate and
the downdip width of the SSE source region. Modeled SSEs with longer
recurrence interval concentrate in the southern part of the fault
(offshore Cape Turnagain), where the plate convergence rate is lowest
and the source region of SSEs is widest due to the shallower slab dip
angle. Notably, the observed segmentation of shallow SSEs cannot be
reproduced with a simple planar fault model, which indicates that a
realistic plate interface is an important factor to account for in
modeling SSEs.