Benjamin Hogan
ThayerSchool of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA and High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA Now at University of Colorado Boulder Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO USA
Author ProfileWilliam Lotko
High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA and Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
Corresponding Author:[email protected]
Author ProfileAbstract
Motivated by low-altitude cusp observations of small-scale
(~ 1 km) field-aligned currents (SSFACs) interpreted as
ionospheric Alfvén resonator modes, we have investigated the effects of
Alfvén wave energy deposition on thermospheric upwelling and the
formation of air density enhancements in and near the cusp. Such density
enhancements were commonly observed near 400 km altitude by the CHAMP
satellite. They are not predicted by empirical thermo-sphere models, and
they are well-correlated with the observed SSFACs. A parameterized model
for the altitude dependence of the Alfvén wave electric field,
constrained by CHAMP data, has been developed and embedded in the Joule
heating module of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (CMIT) model. The CMIT
model was then used to simulate the geospace response to an
interplanetary stream interaction region (SIR) that swept past Earth on
26-27 March 2003. CMIT diagnostics for the thermospheric mass density at
400 km altitude show: 1) CMIT without Alfvénic Joule heating usually
underestimates CHAMP’s orbit-average density; inclusion of Alfvénic
heating modestly improves CMIT’s orbit-average prediction of the density
(by a few %), especially during the more active periods of the SIR
event. 2) The improvement in CMIT’s instantaneous density prediction
with Alfvénic heating included is more significant (up to 15%) in the
vicinity of the cusp heating region, a feature that the MSIS empirical
thermosphere model misses for this event. Thermospheric density changes
of 20-30 % caused by the cusp-region Alfvénic heating sporadically
populate the polar region through the action of co-rotation and neutral
winds.