Isolating large-scale smoke impacts on cloud and precipitation processes
over the Amazon with convection permitting resolution
Abstract
Absorbing aerosol from biomass burning impacts the hydrological cycle
and fluxes of radiation both directly and indirectly via modifications
to convective processes and cloud development. Using the ICON model in a
regional configuration with convection-permitting resolution of 1500 m,
we isolate the response of the Amazonian atmosphere to biomass burning
smoke via enhanced cloud droplet number concentrations Nd
(aerosol-cloud-interactions; ACI) and changes to radiative fluxes
(aerosol-radiation-interactions; ARI). We decompose ARI into
contributions from surface cooling (reduced surface shortwave flux) and
localized heating of the smoke layer. We show that ARI influences the
formation and development of convective cells: surface cooling below the
smoke drives suppression of convection that increases with the smoke
optical depth, whilst the elevated heating promotes initial suppression
and subsequent intensification of convection overnight; a corresponding
diurnal response from high precipitation rates is shown. Enhanced Nd
(ACI) perturbs the intensive cloud properties and suppresses
low-to-moderate precipitation rates. Both ACI and ARI result in enhanced
high-altitude ice clouds that have a strong positive longwave radiative
effect. Changes to low-cloud coverage (ARI) and albedo (ACI) drive an
overall negative shortwave radiative effect, that slowly increases in
magnitude due to a moistening of the boundary layer. The overall net
radiative effect is dominated by the enhanced high-altitude clouds, and
is sensitive to the plume longevity. The considerable diurnal responses
that we simulate cannot be observed by polar orbiting satellites widely
used in previous work, highlighting the potential of geostationary
satellites to observe large-scale impacts of aerosols on clouds.